Mechanical Clock
Mechanical Clock
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Grandfather Clock: Longcase Clock Factoids
There has always been a grandfather clock in at least one of my family’s homes. I can’t even remember a time growing up without one. My first experience with a Grandfather’s clock was actually ‘my grandfather’s clock’ in the home he had on his farm in Wisconsin. I still remember that pendulum clock in the hall.
I was a suburban kid from Illinois, and remember that old clock singing out in the dark after supper. I have the fondest memories of that clock and the fun times I had visiting the farm with my family. Hard times hit, as they do in the lives of most families. That clock is gone now. So, when I was looking to find a long case clock (my grandfather’s clock) for my home, I was shocked at how expensive they were. This created a desire to learn more about clocks and time keeping in general.
I discovered that there is actually science and innovation in the history of all clocks. It even has its own name, Horology. Horology includes the history, science, technology, design, art, craft and study of clock and watch making, time keeping and time keepers. It also includes other devices for measuring time. Clocks, watches, clockwork, sundials, clepsydras, timers, time recorders and marine chronometers are all illustrations of instruments used to measure time.
(Clepsydra is a new word for me. It is an ancient device that measures time by marking the regulated flow of water or mercury through a small opening. It has also been called a water clock or water glass.)
Originally, clocks that we now refer to as grandfather clocks were called longcase clocks. These clocks go by other names as well; tall-case clock, floor clock are some of these names.
As a definition, the longcase clock is generally a freestanding, weight-driven, pendulum clock. The pendulum is in the center of tower, which is the tall narrow portion. The center is referred to as the waist. These clocks can range in height from 6 to 8 feet. The original longcase clocks, and many of the higher end clocks of today, often feature elaborately carved ornamentation on the hood, or bonnet, which surrounds the dial, or clock face. Most longcase clocks are striking clocks, which means they sound the time audibly with a bell or gong.
The English clockmaker William Clement is credited with the development of this clock form in 1670. I’ve read that there is some controversy regarding crediting the introduction of the anchor escapement. Some references credit clockmaker William Clement, who popularized this escapement in his invention of the longcase clock. The anchor escapement was most likely invented by a scientist in Britain, Robert Hooke.
The introduction of the longcase clock is due to the invention of the anchor escapement mechanism. (An escapement is the mechanism in a mechanical clock that maintains the swing of the pendulum and advances the clock's wheels with each swing. An anchor escapement is a type of escapement used in pendulum clocks.
Prior to that, pendulum clock movements used verge escapement mechanisms; this required very wide pendulum swings of about 100 degrees. I will be going more in depth into the swing of the pendulum and escapement mechanisms in future articles.
About the Author
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, Illinois USA. I'm traveling the path to a new interesting and intricate hobby, Horology. I'm looking forward to learning and sharing knowledge.
www.grandfatherclocksforhome.blogspot.com Keep up to date on my travels through the study of time keeping; Comments very welcome
www.grandfatherclocksforhome.com Find the Perfect Clock for Your Home. Grandfather Clock, Cuckoo-Clocks, Wall Clocks, Mantle-Clocks & Watches
What changes occurred in China due to the development and use of the mechanical clock?
Also, is China the origin of the mechanical clock?
The simplest form of a water clock is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC. Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, and some authors wrote about water clocks as early as 4000 BC.
The Greek and Roman civilizations are credited for initially advancing water clock design to include complex gearing, which was connected to fanciful automata and also resulted in improved accuracy. Independently, the Chinese developed their own advanced water clocks（钟）in 725 AD, passing their ideas on to Korea and Japan. The escapement mechanism had been known and used in medieval China, as the Song Dynasty horologist and engineer Su Song (1020–1101) incorporated it into his astronomical clock-tower of Kaifeng in 1088. However, his astronomical clock and rotating armillary sphere still relied on the use of flowing water (i.e. hydraulics), while European clockworks of the following centuries shed this old habit for a more efficient driving power of weights, in addition to the escapement mechanism
These early water clocks were calibrated with a sundial. While never reaching the level of accuracy of a modern timepiece, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by the more accurate pendulum clock in 17th century Europe.
Based on the escapement system, the Chinese clock during the Song Dynasty could be considered the most "advanced" clock with hydraulic mechanism. Comparable development in Europe occurred after few centuries later.
